Saturday, 13 October 2018
Hazrat Umer life histry
Life during Youth
Hazrat Umar (R.A) was one of the educated people in Quraish family in that period of time when only a few people were literate and could read & write. He also got familiar with the art and science of genetics and knew the history of the Arabia. He was very brave; Umar (R.A) was a well-known famous wrestler, debater, and a spirited person in his youth time. He was also famous for his flawless horse-riding skills. He was an intelligent person and a renowned public speaker and successful ambassador of Quraish.
Acceptance of Islam
Although Umar (R.A) had flawless intellectual and physical talents, unfortunately, he had not accepted the Messenger of Allah SWT and Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAWW). He was one of the fanatic enemies of Prophet Muhammad (SAWW).
He opposed Islam and threatened to kill the Hazrat Muhammad (SAWW). When he was on his way to execute his plan to kill Holy Prophet (SAWW), he came to know about his sister and brother in law of embracing Islam. He went to his sister, Fatima`s house where her sister and his brother in law were being taught Quran by Khabab (R.A). He inquired about their acceptance of Islam and start quarreling with them. He slapped his sister in a way that she bled richly, after seeing his sister bleeding he calmed down out of the guilt and asked her sister to show me the pages where Quran is written. He recited the Quran after taking bath; it was the beginning of Surah Ta Ha. Finally, he came to the verse:
“Indeed, I am Allah. There is no deity except Me, so worship Me and establish prayer for My remembrance.” Quran [20:14]
He was greatly moved by the Holy verses after reading and approved them as the words of Allah. On hearing this Hazrat Khabbab (R.A), who had hidden in the house, came out from inside and said, “O Umar! Pleasing information for you. It seems that the prayer of the Muhammad (SAW) which he said last night has been answered in your favor. He prayed to Allah: “O Allah, strengthen Islam with either Umar b Khattab or Abu Jahl, whomsoever Thou pleased”.
Hazrat Umar then went to Muhammad (SAW). On seeing him, Muhammad (SAW) asked him, “Umar! What brings you here”? He said, “I am here to accept Islam “reflected through the air of Makah. That’s how he accepted Islam. He was 39 Years old when he accepted Islam.
Title of Al-Farooq
Muslims were not able to offer Salah publicly due to fear of chiefs of Quraish. But when Hazrat Umar (R.A) accepted Islam and came in the circle of Islam believers came openly as they knew no one has dared to face Umar (R.A). He was the one who first suggested the Holy Prophet (SAW) that they should perform Salah in the Holy Kaaba, where the Messenger of Allah for the first time led the Muslim prayer. Due to such fearless proposal of Hazrat Umar (R.A), he was given the title of Al-Farooq by Hazrat Muhammad (SAW), which means “the one who distinguishes between the right and the wrong”.
Hazrat Umar (R.A) as Caliph
After the death of Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) Umar (R.A) was in deep sorrow at that time Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A) consoled him. At that time a dispute arose that who would take the responsibility after the death of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) then Umar (R.A) addressed Muslims about great character of Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A) relating his closeness to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and suggested to make him the first caliph of Islam. After the death of Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A) Hazrat Umar (R.A) took the responsibility and became the second Caliph. He followed the footsteps of Muhammad (SAW) to the fullest extent. It was Hazrat Umar under whose rule Islam became an international power and the mighty empires of Persia and Byzantine collapse before the army of Islam. Within ten years of his glorious rule, the whole of the Persian Empire, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and a part of Turkey came under the banner of Islam and the nations entered the layer of Islam.
He was not only a defeated but also an excellent administrator who originated an efficient system of administration, Hence he was the real founder of a political system of Islam. He imposed Divine Law) as the code of a newly formed International Islamic State; he safeguarded the internal safety by introducing the police force: he gave stipends to the poor; he constructed headquarters and forts for the safety of Islamic armies; he founded new cities for the growth of Islamic culture and civilization; he improved agriculture and economics of the Islamic State; he founded the educational system in an Islamic State; in brief he was the founder of a great Islamic State.
In short, Hazrat Umar (RA) is the role model for every Muslim. He was an embodiment of justice, principles, piety, humility, and character. He performed all his roles whether personal or professional with intensity and not a single example can be put forward which shows that he performed his role less than perfec
Hazrat Ali R.A ki histry
Hazrat Ali (R.A) was born in nearly 600 A.D, some 30 years after the birth of the Messenger ﷺ of God, to a well known family of Qureyshi tribe, Bani Hashim, in Makkah. His father, named Abu Talib, was a custodian of the Holy Kaaba and his mother was Fatima, both of whom were Hashimites. Abu Talib, son of Abdul Muttalib, was a brother of Abdullah who was father of the Holy Prophet ﷺ. Therefore, Hazrat Ali (R.A) had a great honor of being the first cousin of Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ and was also brought up under His kind and inspiring supervision for most of the time of his life.
Hazrat Ali (R.A) was the very first among youth to believe in Allah`s commandment. He was only 10 years old when Rasulullah ﷺ received the earliest Revelation from the Almighty. One night he saw the Apostle ﷺ and His wife, Hazrat Khadija (R.A) in a state of Sajdah (prostration) in front of Allah SWT. He enquired about their action, upon which he was told by Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ that they were praying to the Creator of the universe and that Ali (R.A) should also acknowledge Islam. He, at first, hesitated to agree to it and informed them that he would ask his father, but the next day he assured them of his willingness towards serving the Religion of Peace.
Acceptance Of Islam At Tender Age Of 10
Hazrat Ali (R.A) was only 10 years old, when the Messenger ﷺ of God received the very first Revelation from the Almighty Lord. He ﷺ was directed to start preaching of Islam from His own family.
“And warn, [O Muhammad], your closest kindred.” [Quran, 26: 214]
Therefore, Rasulullah ﷺ invited His relatives for a collective meal. After that, He rose and asked them all, “Who will join me in the cause of God?” The entire gathering remained silent, but the little Ali (R.A) stood up with great courage and made his firm belief in the Word of Righteousness known in front of all. Thereupon, the invited guests started ridiculing the Holy Prophet ﷺ and young Ali (R.A), for they thought of it as unwise to leave the way of life of their ancestors.
This shows the great valor and insight of Hazrat Ali (R.A), who did not care about mockery of the non believers and had tremendous amount of understanding of right and wrong at a very minute age.
Risking His Life For The Messenger PBUH Of Allah
The time of migration from Makkah to Madina was a great test for all the believers. The heads of the tribe of Qureysh had decided to kill (God forbids) Rasulullah ﷺ at that time. He ﷺ could not also leave without returning the belongings of people that He was carrying with Himself as trusts. Therefore, at night, the Apostle ﷺ asked Hazrat Ali (R.A) to hand over the entrusted possessions to their owners, as He ﷺ had prepared to leave Makkah along with Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) as directed by Allah SWT. Hazrat Ali (R.A) risked his life just for the sake of the Almighty and His Messenger ﷺ as he knew that the disbelievers might slay him while he was resting in the bed of Rasulullah ﷺ that night. This shows the remarkable and unmatched fearlessness of Hazrat Ali (R.A) who was not concerned about his own life, rather committed his existence to serving the Holy Prophet ﷺ as he successfully returned all trusts to those they belonged the very next day, and then migrated to Madina.
Marrying Fatimah (R.A), the Youngest Daughter Of The Holy Prophet PBUH
Hazrat Ali (R.A) was much loved and very close to the Messenger ﷺ, Who personally knew about his great personality characteristics. In the 2nd year of Hijrah (migration), Rasulullah ﷺ was receiving a lot of marital proposals for His most beloved daughter, Hazrat Fatimah (R.A). But He rejected all of them and finally decided to marry her to Hazrat Ali (R.A) with mutual consent. This highly increased the overall standing of Hazrat Ali (R.A) who finally got the honor of being called the Son in Law of Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ and transforming their ever close relationship into a family bond. Both Hazrat Ali (R.A) and Bibi Fatimah (R.A) lived a well contented life and had 5 children, namely: Hassan (R.A), Hussain (R.A), Zainab (R.A) and Umm Kalthum (R.A), and Mohsin (R.A), who died in his early childhood. His son, Hazrat imam Hussain (R.A) had the credit of having the greatest service to the Religion of Islam by standing firm against the unjust ruler, Yazid and sacrificing his life in this cause.
Great Honor Of Hazrat Ali (R.A) Near The Apostle PBUH of God
Imam Ali (R.A) spent most of his time under the supreme direction of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, from Whom he got the inspiration and learned about many aspects of life. Due to his vast knowledge of various matters, especially his courage and authority, Rasulullah ﷺ used to appoint him as his deputy.
Reported by Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas (R.A):
“The Apostle (PBUH) of God left ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib behind him (as he proceeded) to the expedition of Tabuk, whereupon he (‘Ali) said: Allah’s Messenger, are you leaving me behind amongst women and children? Thereupon He (the Holy Prophet PBUH) said: Aren’t you satisfied with being unto me what Aaron was unto Moses but with this exception that there would be no prophet after me.” (Muslim)
Such was the great standing of Hazrat Ali (R.A) near the Apostle ﷺ of Allah that he was compared to the Prophet Haroon A.S (Aaron) who was the brother of Messenger Musa A.S (Moses), and acted as leader of his people in the absence of Hazrat Musa (A.S).
Fighting In Battles With Great Courage
Hazrat Ali (R.A) was highly recognized for his guts and boldness while fighting the infidels. Apart from Ghazwa (battle of) Tabuk, he (R.A) participated in almost all the early clashes against non believers with great distinction. He always used to accept the challenges of his opponents courageously.
In the very first combat with the Makkan disbelievers, Ghazwa Badr, he was among three Muslims alongside Hazrat Hamzah (R.A) and Hazrat Abu Ubaidah (R.A) who started the fight in Arab tradition. He caught the eye of everyone with his terrific warfare skills from that encounter.
He also got the charge of holding the Islamic Flag during the battle of Uhud after the martyrdom of Hazrat Mus`ab bin Umair (R.A). Then, he acknowledged the dare of Abu Sa`d and defeated him with one swift stroke of his blade.
During Ghazwa Khandaq (Trench), the famous Arab warrior Abdwood challenged Muslims to fight him. Hazrat Ali (R.A) stepped forward upon which the Holy Prophet ﷺ warned him, but he (R.A) remained persistent on combating that infidel. Thereupon, the Messenger ﷺ gave him His own sword “Dhulfiqar” and put a turban on his head. Hazrat Ali (R.A) managed to beat that accursed disbeliever in no time.
Achieving the Title of “Asadullah – Lion of God”
None of the Arab had ever witnessed a spectacular spectacle of valor and heroism before they saw that of Hazrat Ali (R.A) at the occasion of Ghazwa Khaibar. It was among the toughest of the battles that Rasulullah ﷺ fought, where Muslims tried to capture the strong Jewish Fort at Khaibar. The Messenger ﷺ of God announced that He would give the charge to that person who loves Allah and His Prophet ﷺ and they also love him. The next day, the authority was awarded to Hazrat Ali (R.A) upon which everybody was amazed as he looked pale and sick. But Rasulullah ﷺ believed in his unmatched combating ability and gave him the Muslim command. Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ directed him first to call them towards righteousness and if they do not correspond positively, then he had the right to fight them. Jews not only rejected his invitation to Islam but also sent their well known and bravest combatant, Mahrab in front, who challenged Hazrat Ali (R.A) to fight him. There, the Arabs witnessed the unbelievable force and power of Hazrat Ali (R.A), who killed Mahrab through vigorous blow of his sword. Then, the Holy Prophet ﷺ gave him the title of “Asadullah”, which means “Lion of Allah”.
Living a Life In Austerity And Being Humble And Grateful To Allah
Throughout his life, Hazrat Ali (R.A) never wished for collecting wealth and worldly possessions. He (R.A) lived a very simple life, spent most of the days in a state of hunger because of his belief about the temporariness of this life. He (R.A) always remained modest in his life, never complained for scarcity of prosperity and always was thankful to the Almighty. In short, he (R.A) had the essential personality characteristics of a true Muslim.
Being a Great Scholar of Arabic Language And Quran
Hazrat Ali (R.A) had an incredible amount of command over the teachings of Islam, especially in the Holy Quran. He was regularly consulted by the first three Caliphs, Abu Bakr (R.A), Umar (R.A) and Usman (R.A) during their time in power. Hazrat Umar (R.A) also made him deputy at Madina while being outside the city himself. Hazrat Ali (R.A) had a great insight in the Arabic literature, rhetoric and grammar. He (R.A) also had fabulous abilities in public speech and sermons, writing letters, and recording his sayings which are well preserved and followed by the Muslim world till date. He (R.A) once said:
“Life consists of two days, one for you one against you. So when it’s for you don’t be proud or reckless, and when it’s against you be patient, for both days are test for you.”
There is a great lesson in this proverb of Hazrat Ali (R.A), in which he (R.A) emphasizes on spending one`s life in modesty during happiness and being patient in times of sadness.
Being Fourth Caliph In Islamic History
In the year 35 A.H, the martyrdom of Hazrat Usman (R.A) led to worsening of situation, when the rebels wanted Hazrat Ali (R.A) to take charge, but he (R.A) was reluctant to do so because of influence of the insurgents. But on the advice of the closest companions, he (R.A) finally took charge and became the fourth Ameer (Leader) of the Muslims. The mutineers kept on working against the Caliph despite giving the nod over his authority. This was a great testing time for Hazrat Ali (R.A) as he had to work not only against the rebellions but also had to maintain peace in the territory. He (R.A) also had to change the Muslim capital to Kufa, in Iraq, because of great support he has over there.
Some of the major contributions of Hazrat Ali (R.A) in the service of Islam include:
- Fighting and destroying the Kharijite (dissidents) movement, who were trying to mislead Muslims by imposing false Islamic beliefs
- Trying his best to unite the Muslims in common direction but unfortunately he was not successful in that
- Facing all the obvious problems caused by rebels who were followers of Abullah ibn Saba and who also assassinated Hazrat Usman (R.A), with great courage without losing his heart defeating the Umayyads during the Battle of Nahrawan
- Introducing and implementing reforms especially in taxes and collection of revenues
Therefore, the overall reign of Hazrat Ali (R.A) last for almost 5 years with facing a lot of resistance not only from the fake Muslims but also from rulers of his state like Muawiya of Syria, who demanded direct assassination of the killers of Hazrat Usman (R.A). However, both had peace in the end after a short battle with rule of Amir Muawiah was preserved in Syria as it is.
Martyrdom Of Hazrat Ali (R.A)
In the year 40 A.H, the rebellion group called Kharijites, declared the rule of the Caliph, Hazrat Ali (R.A), Amir Muawiah in Syria and Amr bin al-Aas in Egypt was not authentic and that there should be no Khilafat after Hazrat Umar (R.A). They dispersed with a view to kill all three of them. They could murder Muawiah and Amr, but one of the rebels, known as Ibn-e-Muljim, managed to martyr Hazrat Ali (R.A) using a poisoned sword while he (R.A) was performing Salah in the mosque on 20th of Ramadan, in 40 A.H.
In short, Hazrat Ali (R.A) was the very first among the youth to accept Islam and was always very close to the Holy Prophet ﷺ. He (R.A) had unmatched combating skills and was well known for his bravery during battles against the non believers. He also possessed the necessary personality traits of firm belief in Allah and His Messenger ﷺ, humbleness, gratefulness, and true insight of the Quranic Instructions. He had to go through tough periods of high resistance from so called Muslims and others during his Caliphate, but he (R.A) remained resolute on reestablishing peace in the Muslim society. To conclude, Hazrat Ali (R.A) spent his entire life in the great service of Islam.
punjabi culture
Punjabi culture
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The culture of the Punjab encompasses the spoken language, written literature, cuisine, science, technology, military warfare, architecture, traditions, values and history of the Punjabi people. The term 'Punjabi' can mean both a person who lives in Punjab and also a speaker of the Punjabi language. This name originates from the Persian language 'panj', (five), and 'ab', (water). Combined together the word becomes Panjab or Punjab: land of the five rivers. Indus River (the largest river in this five river system), and the five other rivers to the south eventually join Indus or merge into it later in the downstream of the Punjab valley. All the rivers start and flow out of the Himalayas. These other five rivers are Jhelum River, Chenab River, Ravi River, Beas River and Sutlej River.
Contents
Middle Ages[edit]
The culture of Punjab in the Middle Ages was extremely diverse dependent upon an individual's caste, community, religion and village[citation needed]. An array of cultures can be found historically[citation needed]. The main cultures that arose in the Punjab during the Medieval Age at the beginning of this era was of strong Indo-Aryandominance[citation needed]. The Brahmins and Khatris were once a singular group living in the Punjab who practiced Hinduism[citation needed]. They were descended from the Vedic people who brought Indo-European language and society to a land dominated by Dravidian history[citation needed]. Their culture was based on their religious beliefs, which could be described as identical to that of Hindus living across North India today. The second strongest emergent cultural identity was Jat and Gujjarculture, based on pastoralism, agriculture and ancestor worship, in modern Punjab. Most of the Western region are descended from Gujjars, whereas the Eastern region is ethnically Jat. Over centuries, Islamic traditions were incorporated into the lives of Punjabi Muslims. These people would often live together marrying others like them and the customs practised centuries ago are still visible in the way all the castes and religious groups live[citation needed].
Modern era[edit]
Due to the large number of Punjabi people distributed throughout the world, especially Pakistan and India, many people are increasingly experiencing the culture and becoming influenced by it[citation needed]. Glimpses of traditional Punjabi culture can be seen in the Western world (e.g. the U.S., the UK, the EU, Canada, Australia, Africa and the Middle East.[1] Naturally people influence each other wherever they settle and live. Punjabi culture is evident from Punjabi philosophy, poetry, spirituality, education, artistry, music, cuisine, and architecture.
Similar migrations by or invasions into the Punjab, in the past many centuries, were by the Aryans, Scythians, Greeks or Alexander the Great which reached as far as the Beas River in the Punjab[citation needed], Mongols Arabs, Persians, Afghans, Turko-Persians (Mughals) and then the Europeans (British) came to Punjab for various economic reasons of their own and its fertile agricultural lands and abundance of water resources in its five large rivers flowing down from the Himalayas through the Punjab valley[citation needed]. These immigrants influenced the people of Punjab and, in turn, were influenced by the then prevailing culture of the Punjab.[2]
Punjabi music[edit]
Bhangra is one of the many Punjabi musical art forms that is increasingly listened to in the west and is becoming a mainstream favourite.[citation needed] Punjabi music is used by western musicians in many ways, such as mixing it with other compositions to produce award-winning music.[citation needed] In addition, Punjabi classical music is increasingly becoming popular in the west.[citation needed]
Punjabi dances[edit]
Owing to the long history of the Punjabi culture and of the Punjabi people there are many dances, normally performed at times of celebration, including harvests, festivals, and weddings. The particular background of the dances can be non-religious and religious. The overall style can range from the high energy "bhangra" men's dance to the more reserved "jhumar," the "gidha" women's dance.
Punjabi weddings[edit]
Punjabi wedding traditions and ceremonies are traditionally conducted in Punjabi and are a strong reflection of Punjabi culture. While the actual religious marriage ceremony among Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Christians may be conducted in Arabic, Urdu, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Hindi or Pali by the Qazi, Pundit, Granthi or Priest, there are commonalities in ritual, song, dance, food, and dress. The Punjabi wedding has many rituals and ceremonies that have evolved since traditional times.
Punjabi cuisine[edit]
Punjabi language and literature[edit]
Punjabi language is written with the Gurmukhi alphabet in India. In Pakistan, the Punjabi language is written with the Shahmukhi alphabet which is similar to the Urdu language alphabet. Approximately 130 million people, mainly in Pakistan's West Punjab and India's East Punjab, speak the Punjabi language which is considered to be an Indo-Aryan language.[3] In the Punjabi literature, there are three major Punjabi romantic epic poems based on folk love stories - Heer Ranjha by the poet Waris Shah(1722-1798), Sohni Mahiwal and Mirza Sahiban (sung by late Alam Lohar).[2] The poetry gives a clear view into the Punjabi mindset. Many Punjabi language books are translated throughout the world into many other languages. Among the major Punjabi poets are Baba Fariduddin Ganjshakar (1179-1266), Baba Guru Nanak (1469-1539) and Bulleh Shah (1680-1757). One of the most important Punjabi holy books is Guru Granth Sahib in the Sikh religion.
Punjabi dress[edit]
The traditional dress for Punjabi men is the kurta and tehmat, which is being replaced by the kurta and pajama, especially the popular muktsari style in India. The traditional dress for women is the salwar suit which replaced the traditional Punjabi ghagra. The patiala salwar is also very popular.
Punjabi festivals[edit]
Punjabis celebrate cultural, seasonal and religious festivals, which include Maghi, Mela Chiraghan in Lahore, Lohri, Holi, Baisakhi, Teeyan, Diwali, Dussehra, and Guru Nanak Jayant.
See also[edit]
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